????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2023? ??? ????? 18.71 ???????? 3 ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? 601 ???????? 3 ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? 10? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????.

???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????.

???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????

??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? 80% ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????:????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

????? ??? ?????? ????? PPAP ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2023? ?? ???? ????? ?? 2000 ??? ADC12? ???? ???????? 471 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? 211 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? 141 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? - ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? (NADCA). ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? "??????? ???????"? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????

????	?????? ????????	?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????	????? ????? ???????
?????? (????????)	????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????	???? ??? ???????	?????? ???????/??????? ??????? ???????
?????? ????????	???? ????	?????	?????? ??????? + ???? ???????
????? ????????	???? ????? ?????? (??? ?????? ???????)	????? ??????	?????? ???????
????? ????	????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????	???????? ??????	?????? + ???????? PT
????? ??? ????? (??? ?????)	????? ??????? ?? ???????	?? ????	??????
????? ?????	????? ??????? ??? ??????	???? ???????? ??????? ???????	??????? ??????? ??????? + ????? ???????
????? ??????	????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????	?? ????	???? + ???? ?????
??????	??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????	????? ??????	PT / MT
?????	??? ????? ????? ???? ???	?? ????	????? ?????????? CMM
???????? ???????	???? ??????? ???? ????	?????	CMM + ????? ???? ???????

????? ?????: ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? IQC? ?? ?????? ??????? ASTM E155? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????

?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 45% ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? (????? ??????? Statista ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????)? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? — ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? 100 ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? — ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????.

????? ???? ??????? (HPDC) ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.

??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ADC12 ???????? ??? 60% ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? 5 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2024? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? 3 ????? ????? 0.25 ??/ 100 ?? (?? ?????? ??????? ?? 0.15)? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????.

??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? "??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????"? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? - ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????

????? ????? ???????:????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? - ?????? ?????????? (???????? ?????? ??????? ????)? ?????? ?? ???????? (??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????)? ??? (??? <1 ?? ????? ????). ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? 0.15 ??/100 ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? 350-450 ???? ?? ??????? ???? 8-12 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? 0.08-0.15 ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 65%. ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????.

??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????

• ???? ??????????: ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? 100 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ASM International). ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 760 ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????.
• ?????? ?????????:: ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????.
• ?????:: ????? ?? ???? ?????????? + ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? "??? ?????".

?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????

????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 2024? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ADC12 ????? ??? 0.32 ??/ 100 ?? - ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? Foseco FDU ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 8 ???/????? ??? 15 ???/?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? 7.81 TP3T ??? 1.21 TP3T? ??? ??? ????? 140,000 ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????.

?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????: ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 85% ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? (200 ???? ????? × 4 ????? ???? ???) ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????

????? ??????:: ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? "???????? ???????". ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? (RT)? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? - ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ASTM E155? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? "??? ?????" ?? ???? 37% ??? ?? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? — ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????????.

??????????? ???????? ???? RT: ??? ??????? 150-200 ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? 2-2 ????????? ????? ????? 2.0-3.5 ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? 0.3 ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????

• ???? ??? ???????:: ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? RT? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? 5 ?? ????? ?????? ???????.
• ??????? + ??? ???? ????:: ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 100x - ???? ?????? ????? = ????? ?????? ???? ??????? = ????? ??????
• SEM+EDS??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????.

???? ????: ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????.

???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????

????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? (????? ?? ???? ????? ?? 1 ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????)? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? (???? ????? ????????). ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? — ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? 6.6% (???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ASM International)? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????.

??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????

• ???? ???????:: ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????)? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.
• ????????:: ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? (??? ?????? ?????)? A356 ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???.

???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????

?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 12%. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 0.9 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? - ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? 1.2 ???. ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????: ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????.

???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ≥ 15 ???? ????? / 100 ??. ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? (??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???). ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 2.3%? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 80,000 ???? ??????.

??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? 0.8-1.2 ???/????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????.

????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????

????? ??????:: ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? (??? ???????) ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? - ??? ????? ???????. ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? (??? ?????? <3 ??) ??? 15-20%? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????.

????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????

• ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? A356 ??? 700-740 ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 2022? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? 38 ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? - ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 121 TP3T ??? 1.81 TP3T.
• ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????:: ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? 200-300 ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? 180-220 ???? ?????.
• ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????: ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? >30 ?/?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? 25 ?/? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? (???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? (NADCA)).
• ??? ???????:: ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????????.

??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????

?????? (???????)	???? ??????? ???? ????? (HPDC)	?? ????????/????? ???????
????? ???????	???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????	?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?????
???????? ???????	????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????	???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 10-20 ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? 10-20 ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.

????? ?????: ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? - ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????

????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? 15-20% ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? - ???? ????.

????? ????? ?????? ??????

• ????? ??????? (????????): ??? ??? ???? ??????? (Al?O?) ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? TWI.
• ???? ????? ?????:: ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? 800 ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? 50-200 ????????.
• ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????:: ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? (??? + ????) ???? ?? ??? ??? 60-70%? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 30-40%? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????.
• ??????? ??? ?????:: ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? 5 ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????????.

????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????

1. ??? ?????:: ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? (RDU)? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 2-4 ???/?????? ????? 300-400 ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 8-12 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? 0.15 ??/ 100 ????.
2. ??? ??????:: ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? 10-15 ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????.
3. ???????:: ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (CFF) 10 ???? ?? 20 ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? 80%.

????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? 2024? ???? ????? EDS ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? SiO?-Al?Al?O?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? 20ppi ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? 8.3% ??? 1.1%? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? 140,000 ??????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? 8 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????.

????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????

????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (?????? ??????) ?? ??????? ?????? ????? 85-95% ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? (??????? ??????) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? 15-20%? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????.

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????

• ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????)? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????)? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? A356? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ADC12 ?? ????? ???????? ???????.
• ??? ????: ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? T6? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ????????? - ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????.

?????? ???????? ? A356 ????? ADC12

????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? A356-T6 ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 0.22% (??? ?????? ??????) + ???? ????? ???? ??? 740 ???? ????? (??? ?????? ??????) + ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? 150 ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????. ???????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 0.12-0.15%? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? 715 ± 5 ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 220 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? 7.3% ??? 0.4%. ??????? ???????? ??????? ADC12? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 1.5 ?2 ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? 0.5 ???? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? 0.5 ???? ?????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ADC12? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? - ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? 1.5-2 ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? 380 ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????.

??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? T6 ??????? ???????? ?????: ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? 40 ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? A356 ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 60 ?80 ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? (???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ASM ???????? ????????).

??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????

????? ???????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????: ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ± 0.05 ?? ???? ????? ???? ± 0.3 ?? ??? ?????? - ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????.

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????

• ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? 100,000 ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? 100,000 ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? 0.02-0.05 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????.
• ??? ?? ????????A356 ???? ?????? A356 ?? 1.2-1.4%? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? 20-30%? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ???????: ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? 500 ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? 15% ?? ???? ??????? ??????? (???? ?????? ASM International ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????).
• ???? ???????? ???????? T6:: ???? ?? ???? ?????? 5 ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? 0.1-0.2 ??.
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????:: ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????.

??? CMM ? FAI ?? ?????? ???????

?? ??? 2024? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? — ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? 0.15 ?? ?? 8 ??? 12 ???? ?? ?? 100 ????. ???????? ??? ?????? FAI (??? ?????? ??????? First Article Inspection) ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? (CMM). ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? (CMM) ?? Zeiss ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? (PPAP) ??? 42 ???? ????? (????? ??????? AIAG)? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 1.31 TP3T.

????? ?????: ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? "?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? CMM ??? 2000 ????" ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? FAI ????.

???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????

????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? - ?????? ?????? (?????? ??????) ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? (??????? ???????) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? (??????) ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????; ?????? (??????/??????) ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????.

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• ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? 180 ???? ?????. ???? ADC12 ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? 200-240 ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? 0.3 ?/? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
• ????????? ???????: ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? <150 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? (??? 180-200 ???? ?????) ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 90%.
• ?????? ???????: ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? 0.8% ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? H13. ???? — ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? 0.1-0.15 ??? ?? ??????? ???? PVD ?? ???? Oerlikon Balzers (??? CrN ?AlTiN)? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? 12% ??? ??? ?? 1%.
• ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? 1:80-1:100? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ≥1.5 ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.

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????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 2024? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? A Φ0.3 ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? 100 ??2 - ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? (??? ???? ???? ??????) ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? Φ0.5 ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? 8-10 ????? ????? ??????? ????????.

??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? (???? ??????? ??????? <1.3 ???) ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 10 ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? - ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? NADCA (?????? 1-5) ????? ??????.