?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? 8 ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? "??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????". ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? 5 ?????? ????: ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.

?? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????

????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (LPDC) ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? 0.02-0.06 ???? ??????.???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? (???? ?????? ?? ???????? (???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 1%)? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.

????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

• ????? ????? ????????? ???????: ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? 2023 ?? ?????? 4159 ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? 59% ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? (???? ????????: ??????? Statista ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????)? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? 200 ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? → ????? ??????? → ???? → ???????? ?????? → ???????? ???????.
• ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 3,000 ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? "???? ??? ??????? ???????" ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? 40%.
• ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????.

????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? 2023? ????? ???? ?????? ??????: "??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? 14 ???????." ??? ?? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????

?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????: ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? (??? ?? ???? ≤ ± 0.001 ???? ??????)? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? (?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????)? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????:

1. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????:: ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 2018 ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ± 0.005 ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? 1.51 TP3T.
2. ?????? ??????? ????????????:: ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????.
3. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? Piovan? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? PID ????????? ???????? PID ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ± 2 ℃? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ± 5 ℃? A356? A357? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????.

???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????: ??? ???? ????? ← ?????? ??? ????? ← ????? ← ????? ← ????? ← ???? ← ????? ?????? ????? ??? 90-120 ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? - ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? ????? ???? Ningbo Hersin ?? ??????? ?? ??? 2022? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????: ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? A356? ?? ????? 500 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 4 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (0.81 TP3T). ??? ????? ??????? ?????.

??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????

??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 80,000 ??? 100,000 ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? 120,000 ??? 150,000 ????.?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? 50,000 ???? ???? - ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.

?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????:

???? ???????	?????? ???????	????? ??????	??? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ??????	H13 (4Cr5MoSiV1)	??????? DIEVAR / 8407 SUPREME	???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????
????? ???????? ????????	???? ???? ??????? 44-46	HRC 46-48 ?? ??? ???????? ≥8	??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ???? ?????? CAE	?????? ProCAST ?? MAGMA ???????	?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????	??????? ??? ??? .cas ??????
????? ???? ???????	????? ?????	????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? (??????? ?????? ?????? ???????)	??? ??????? ??????? ??????

???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ProCAST? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? CAE ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? 48 ???? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 5 ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? 82% ??? 96%. ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 3000 ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? + ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 30000 ???.

??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????

??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? 1 ?? ASTM E155 (?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? 0.51 TP3T) ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? 21 TP3T.?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? PPAP ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? SPC ???? 90 ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????:

• ?????? ????????:: ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? - ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.
• ?????? (?????? ???????):: ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? - ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????.
• ?????????:: ????? ?????? ????? ?????O?O? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? (CFF) ??? ???? ??? ????????.
• ????? ????:: ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.
• ??????? ??????:: ???? ?? ?????? ?? A356 ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? CAE.

???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? (ASM International). ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ASTM E155 ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????: ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? 100 ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? - ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????.

????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????

???? ????? ????? "?????? ???????" ?????? ??????????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? 0.4 ??/ 100 ?? ??? ??? ?? 0.15 ??/ 100 ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????.??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????:

1. ????? ???????:: ???? ??? ??? (C?Cl?) ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? 0.3 ??/ 100 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.
2. ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? (RDG) ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? Alscan? ????? ???????? ???? 0.15-0.20 ??/ 100 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.
3. ???? ?????:: ??????? ??????? ??????????? + ??????? ??????? ??????? (CFF 30 ???? ?? ??????) + ????? ???????? ?? ???? (????? ??? Al-Ti-B)? ????? ?????????? <0.12 ??/ 100 ??? ??? ???????? <200 ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? A356 (Al-7Si-0.3Mg) ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? 0.05% ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? T6 ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? 8-12 ???? ??????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? MES. ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??

??? ????? ????? ??????: ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? A ?? ????? RDG + CFF ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? T6 ??? ????? 8.5%? ?????? B ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? 4.2% ???. ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

???? ???? ??????: ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????

?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? LV ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???: ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? 3 ????? ??? ?????.???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? IATF 16949.

??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????:

• ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????) ?? ???? 30 ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????.
• ?????? ??? ??????:: ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.
• ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????:: ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? 8D ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? "??????? ??????"? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? "????? ?????? ← ????? ???????".

?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? IATF 16949 (???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????) ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? VDA 6.3? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? 3 ?? PPAP. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ????.

???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? MES+SPC ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? 1.8 ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? 26 ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? 200 ??? ???? ?????? ??? 800 ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????.??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? SAE International ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? "?????? ?????" ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????.

???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????: ????? ??????

?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? "???? ?????". ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????.

?????? (???????)	???? ?????? ??????? LPDC	?? ???????? GDC	???? ?????? ?????? HPDC
????????	0.02-0.06 ???? ??????	????? ?????	40-100 ???? ??????
???? ?????? ????????	3-15 ??	5-30 ??	1.5-5 ??
???????? ????????	????? (<1%)	?????? (1-3%)	????? (??? 5%)
???? ???????? ????????	? ???? T6	? ???? T6	? ???? ?????? ??
???????? ?????????	???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????	??????? ?????? ???? ??????	???? ???? ??????? 3C ???????? ????????
????? ??????	?????	???? (??? ?????)	高
??????? ??? ???? (???? ??????)	?????	高	???? (??? ?????)

???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????: ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ?????? ???????)? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? T6 ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 200 ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? HPDC ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? T6. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? (NADCA).

?????? ??????? ???????: ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? - ???? ???? ??????? (?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????)? ???????? ??????? ??????? (?? ??? ??? ???? ???????/??????? ?????)? ???? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????

?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? (???) ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????

????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 5000 ? 10000 ????/??????? ?? 50-200 ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? 80.000 ?250.000 ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 6-10 ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? 50% ??????? ???? ???.

?? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????

???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? 6 ??? 10 ?????? (??? ?? ??? 6-8 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?1-2 ????? ?????? ?????? ????????). ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? 100,000 ???? ?? 45-60 ????? (??? ?? ??? ?????). ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? 30 ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????.

??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????

?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? 12 ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? MES ?? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? (????? 75-85% ??????? ???????). ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? "?????? ????????".

?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????

????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????: ?????? ??????? (CMM)? ??????? ?????? (?????? ???????? ??????? PT)? ??????? ?????? ???????? (??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????)? ??????? ??????????? (???? ???????? ????????). ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? AQL 0.65 ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????.

?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????

??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? (FOB) ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? 30-451 ???????? 3 ????????? ???? ?????? 25-351 ???????? 3 ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? 15-25%.

?? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? Ningbo Hersin ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? 2010? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ProCAST? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? RDG+CFF? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? 50.

??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????: ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???? 3-5 ?????. ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? - ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? 15% ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????.