??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????.???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? (??? ASTM B26 ?ISO 8062 ?DIN EN 1706) ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????.????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?? PPAP? ???? ????? ?????? (AQL 2.5)? ????? ??????? CMM? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 60%.

??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? 10 ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? BYD ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? SGS? BV? TüV? Intertek ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????.

?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????

???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? (TPI) ??? ????????? ???? ????? (??????) ????? ????? (???????)? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? CNAS ?? ILAC-MRA ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? SGS? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? (BV)? ?TüV ????? ?Intertek? ?Pro QC? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? CTI ?CQC ??????.

?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (????? ?????) ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? (????? ??????) ?? ????????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ???. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? SGS ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2022? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? TPI: ????? ????? TüV Rheinland ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? 47 ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? VDA 6.3 ?? BMW.

????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????

• ???????? ?????????:: "?????? ????? ?? ?????"? ???? "???????" ?? ??????."
• ???????? ?????????:: ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????
• ???? ????????:: ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
• ????? ????????:: ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????

????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????

????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? 6.8 ????? ?? ?? ??? 2023 (??????: ????? ????????? ???????)? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? "?? ?????? ??????" ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????.". ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? (DPPM) ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? TPI ???? ??? ??? 3000 ?8000? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? 500 ??????? ???? ????? ??? TPI ?????.

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????: "???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ISO 9001 ? IATF 16949? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? -???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????.. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? (CMM) ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????.

?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 800 ????? ?????? ?2500 ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? 40HQ ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? 50,000 ????? ?????? ?300,000 ????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? 100% ?????? ??? ???? 1% ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????

???? (?????)	????????	???????
????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? (2021)	??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????	???? ????? ?????? + ?????? ?????? ?????? 240,000 ????? ??????
????? ??????? ????????? (2022)	????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? 2.3 ??	????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 181 TP3T ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? (2023)	??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? 48 ???? ?? ??????? ???????	??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? 400,000 ????? ??????

?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????

????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????: ??? ??? ????? (IP)? ?????? ?????? ?????? (PPAP)? ???? ??????? (DUPRO)? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? (PSI)? ???????? ??? ??????? (LS)? ?????? ??????? (????? FI).. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??.

?????? 1: ??? ??? ??????? (??? ???????)

??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? (ITP) ????? ??? ???????? ?????? PPAP ???????? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????? 3 ?? ??? ????? ????????? AIAG PPAP). ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???: ?????? ??? ??????? (????? ISO 2859-1 AQL 2.5 ISO 2859-1 AQL 2.5)? ?????? ??????? ?????? (KPC/SC)? ???????? ???? ?????.

?????? 2: ??? ?????? ?????? (FAI)

??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ???? "????? ???????? + ????? FAI") ??? 3-5 ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? 3 ?? ??????? 5 ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? (PPAP).

?????? 3: ????? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ???????? DUPRO)

??? ???????? ?? ????? 20% ~ 60% ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? (???? ?????? ??????) ?? ??? ??????? (???? ?????? ???????)? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? "?????" ?? ?????? - ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.

?????? 4: ??? ?? ??? ????? (PSI) ???????? ????????

??? ??????? ??? AQL (????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? AQL 2.5 ?????? ????????? AQL 4.0 ?????? ???????)? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? 500 ???? ?? 50 ????.

?????? 5: ??????? ??? ??????? (??????? ??? ???????)

??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? 121 ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.

?????? 6: ????? ???????

????? ????? PDF ?? ???? 24 ??? 48 ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? (????? 200 ??? 500)? ?????? ??????? ?????????? (????/????/????).

?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????

????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????: ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????.. ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? 4.21 ???????? 3 ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? 381 ???????? 3 ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? 211 ???????? 3 ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 181 ???????? 3 ????????.

????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????: ????? ?????? (VT)? ??????? ??????? (PT)? ??????? ??????? (RT)? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? (UT)? ??????? ??????? (ET). ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? -?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????.

???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????

??? ?????	???????	??? ?????	?????? ???????? ????????
????? ??????	??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????	?????? ???????/??????? ??????? ??????? ???????	ASTM E155 ??????? 2
???????? ???????	????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????	????? ??????? ??????? ???????/??????? ??????? ???????	ASTM E505 ??????? 3
?????	???? ?????? ????? ???????	????? ?????? ???????/??????? ???????	≤0.5 ??2/??2
?????? ??????	???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????	??????? ??????/???????? ??????	??? ????? ???????
???????	??????? ???????? ????? ??????	PT / MT / UT	??? ????? ???????
????? ??? ??????.	???? ??????? ?????? ????????	CMM / ??? ???? ????? ???????	ISO 8062-3 DCTG6~8 ISO 8062-3
????? ?????	???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????	????? ???????/??????	Ra ≤ 6.3 ???????? (????? ?????)

????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????: ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? 3 ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ???????? ??? 100% ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????.????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???.

?? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????

????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????: ??????? ???????? ASTM (B26 ?????? B108 ?????? ??????? B85 ???? ???????)? ???????? ?????? ISO (8062 ??????? ???????? 3522 ??????? ?????????)? ???????? ???????? EN (1706 ????? ????? ??????????? 1780 ?????)? ???????? ???????? DIN (1725-2).. ??? ?? ???? GB/T 9438 ?????? (??????? ????? ??????????) ? GB/T 15114 (??????? ????? ??????????) ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ASTM ?? EN.

?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????). ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? "??? ????" ????:"??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ASTM B26/B26M-18 ? ISO 8062-3:2007 DCTG8? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????. ASTM E34."

???? ??????? ????????? (A356 ?????)

?????	astm b26 a356.0	??? ?????
??????? ???????	6.5-7.5%	????? OES
??? ??????????	0.20-0.45%	????? OES
???? ??????	≤0.20%	????? OES
?????? ??????	≤0.20%	????? OES
?????? ????????	≤0.10%	????? OES
???????? Ti	≤0.20%	????? OES

???? ?????? ??????????? (??? ???????? ???????? T6)

?????? ???? (UTS) ≥228 ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? (YS) ≥152 ???? ??????? ????? ?????? (EL) ≥3%. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ASTM E8/E8M.

?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????:?? ????? "????? ???????" ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????. ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????.

??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? (NDT) ?? ??? ??????? ???????????

???????? ??? ?????? (NDT) ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? (RT)? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? (UT)? ??????? ??????? (PT)? ??????? ??????? (ET) ??? ??????? ???? NDT ???????? ?? "????? ????????" ??? "????? ?????? 100%". ??? NDT ???????? ?? "????? ????????" ??? "????? ?????? 100%" ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????:

???? ?????? ????? NDT

• ?????? ??????? RT: ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? 80 ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? 80 ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (CT) ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????.
• UT ???????? ??? ???????:: ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????.
• ???? ???? ??????? PT:: ????? ???? ??? ????? (??????? ????? ??????). ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???.
• ?????? ??????? ET:: ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????. ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????.
• VT ??????:: ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? 80% ?? ???? ????? ??????.

?? ??? 2023? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? YXLON ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? 87% ??? 99.3%? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 8% ??? 1.2%. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????.

?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (ASTM E155)

??????? ??????	?????? ??????? ???	??????? ????????
??????? 1	?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????	??????? ???????? ????????
??????? 2	??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????	??? ???? ????? ???????? (????? ???????? ???????? ???????)
??????? 3	???? ?????? ??????	??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
??????? 4	?????? ????? ?? ??????	??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????

?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????

???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? (CMM)? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? (Gauge) ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? 1/10 ?? ????? ????? (?? ?? ????? ??????? 0.1 ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ≤ 0.01 ??). ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? CMM ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 3 ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? 10 ?????.

??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? "???? ?????? ????? ???????": ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? SPC (?? 30 ???? ?? ??????? ??????) + ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? + ?? ???? ?? ????? CMM ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? MES ????????? ?????? Cpk (???? ???? ???????) - Cpk ≥ 1.33 ????? Cpk ≥ 1.67 ?????.

????? ???? ????? ???????

1. ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? "?" ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? "?". ????: ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? GD&T.
2. ???? ??????? ??? ???????: ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (????? 23 × 10-?/ ???? ?????). ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 35 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 20 ???? ?????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? 20 ± 2 ???? ?????.
3. ???? ???????:: ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????. ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.
4. ?????? ????????:: ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????.

??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????

??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????: ????? ??????? (CNAS/ILAC-MRA)? ??????? ?? ??????? (??????? ??????? ??????)? ???? ????????? ??????? (?? ???? 48 ???? ??????)? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? SGS ?BV ?TüV Rheinland ?Intertek? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? Pro QC ?AsiaInspection (QIMA) ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????/??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? CTI ?CQC ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????.

???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? -????? ?????? ????? ??? "??? ????"?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? "??????? ????????" ?? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? "??????? ????????" ?? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? "???????" ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????.

?????? ??? ?????? ???????? (????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????)

??????	???? ?? ?????? ????????	????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????	????? ???????? ????????	???????????? ?????? ???
SGS	★★★★★	$380~450	??? ????? ??????	????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????
???? ???????	★★★★★	$350~420	??? ????? ??????	?????? ?????????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ????????	★★★★★	$400~480	?????? ?? ??????	???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
??????	★★★★	$350~420	??? ????? ??????	??????? ???????????? ???????????
?????? ?????? ??????????	★★★★	$280~350	???? ?? ?????? ????????	??????? ??????? ????????? ????? B2B
????	★★★★★	$250~320	??? ????? ??????	??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????
?? ?? ?? ?????	★★★★	￥1500~2200	????? + ????	????? ?????? + ???????

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????

1. "?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? 12 ????? ????????"--????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????.
2. "?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ASNT ?? ??????? ?????? ?? EN ISO 9712?"-??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? NDT? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.
3. "?? ????? ??????? ?????? CNAS ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ILAC-MRA?"-??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????.

?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????

????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????: "???? ??? ??? + ??? + ??? ?????". ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? (PSI) ?? ???? 800 ????? ??? 2500 ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? (PPAP) ??? ?????? ??? 3000 ????? ??? 8000 ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 201 ????? ??? 351 ?????.. ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 0.31 ???????? ??? 1.21 ???????? ??? 1.21 ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????.

?????? ??????? ????????? (?????? 40HQ)

??? ?????	??????	???????? ?????????
????? ??????	???? 1 ~ 2 ????? ?? ??????	$350~450/person-day
?????? ?????	???? YRD/???? ???????? ??????/???? ???????? ??????	$80~200
??????? ?????????	??????? ?????? OES	$50 ~ 80/????
??????? ???????????	?????? ???? + ???????	$120 ~ 200/????
????? ??????? ???????	???? ??????	$8 ~ 25 / ????
?????? ?????? ??????	48 ~ 720 ????	$150 ~ 400/????
????? ????? CMM	?????? ??? ?????	$200 ~ 600/????
????? ???????? (??????? ??????????? ??????????)	????? ????? ??????	$50~150

?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? A) ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? 100% + CMM? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? B) ???? ????? AQL 1.5? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? C) ???? ????? AQL 4.0. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? ?) ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? 100% + ??? ???? CMM? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? ?) ???? ????? AQL 1.5? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? (????? ?) ???? ????? AQL 4.0. ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? 181 ???????? 3 ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ???? ??????? ????:???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ?????????: "??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????." ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????.

??????? ???????

?1: ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????.

?2: ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????

?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? (???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????)? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? 100%. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? + ??? ????? ???. ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? NDT ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????.

?3: ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????

??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? "???"? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????: ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? (????? ?????)? ????? ????? ????? (????? ?????)? ????? ?????? ??? (???? ????????). ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? 4: ?? ??? ????? DUPRO ????? ?????

?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ? DUPRO ?????? ?? ????? 20% ~ 60% ? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? PSI ??????? ?? DUPRO ?? 63% ??? ?? ??????? ???? DUPRO.

?5: ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? (??? ?? 100 ????)?

??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 100 ????. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 200 ??? 400 ????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? "????? ???? + ???? ????? ?????".

?????? 6: ?? "??????" ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????

?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? PPAP. ???????? ????????: ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ??? ??????)? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? MES ???????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? 95% ??? ????? ???????.

?7: ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????

????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????: ????? ??????? ???????? (?????? ???? 20 ????????) 480 ~ 720 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 500 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? 720 ~ 1000 ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? 48 ~ 96 ????. ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ASTM B117 ?? ISO 9227.

???????: ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????

?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 12,000 ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? PPAP ??? ??? ????? PSI ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????.

?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 15 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? SGS? BV? TüV? Intertek? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? - ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??. ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????.