?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????

**?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (MOQ) ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? 30 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? 500 ?2,000 ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? 200 ?1,000 ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1,000 ?5,000 ???? ??????. ** ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? — ??? ?? "???? ?????? ????? ?????" (MOQ) ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????: ????? ?? **???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????** (?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????)? ??????? ?? **???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????** (???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????). ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2023? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? (Tier 2) ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??"MOQ 3000 ????" ? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 500 ???? ??? ??????? ???????? — ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? Statista? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 2024 1,600 ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 42%? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (MOQ) ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????.

????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????

** ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? "????? ?????"? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????: ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? "????????" ???? "?????". ** ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? 3 ??? 7 ???? ??????? 50-200 ??? ?? ??????? ??????? (????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????). ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? 2022 ?????? 1.2 ?? ?? ??????? ?14 ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? T1 ??? T3 - ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? 80 ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? 100 ???? ???. ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????: - **????? ????? ????**: ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 4 ??? 6 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ? - **?????? ??? ?????? ?????? (FAI)**: ????? ??????? IATF 16949 ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? PPAP ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 3000 ??? 8000 ?????. ** ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????**: ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? A380 ?ADC12 ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 1 ?? ???? ???.

?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????

** ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 20-50 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ** ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? 10 ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 60 ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????:

????? ????	??? ????????	???? ????? ?????? (??????????)	??? ????? (????? ??????)	?????????
???? ??????? ???? ????? HPDC	2,000 ??? 10,000 2,000 ????/???	80,000–600,000	80,000–150,000	???????? ???????? ????????? ????? 3C ????? 3C
???? ?????? ??????? LPDC	1,000-1,000-5,000 ????/???	60,000–400,000	30,000–60,000	????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????
?? ???????? GDC	200 ??? 1000 ????	30,000–150,000	10,000–30,000	???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????
?? ?????	20-100 ????	5,000 ??? 30,000 (???? ???/??? ??????)	????????? ??????	????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????
???? ?????????? (???? ??????)	100-500 ????	20,000–80,000	5,000–15,000	??????? ??????? ????? ?????

???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ** ??? ????? ?????? ??????? 30-50%** ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 8000 ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? 2024 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 3000 ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? - ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 1.4 ????? ????.

??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????

**????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 150,000 ?600,000 ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? - ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ** ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????: 1. **??????? ???????? ?????? (COT)**: ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? (????? ??? ????? ????? 30%-30%-40%)? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???. 2. **??????? ???????**: ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? N ?? ??????? ?? "X ????? ??? ????"? ?????? ????? ??? N. ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? (??? ???? ?????? 5000 ????). 3- **??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???**: ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????: ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 300 ????/???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? 250,000 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? "50 ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? 5000 ???? ?????" - ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 800 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 7,200 ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? 800 ???? ?????? ?????? ?7,200 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????: **?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????**.

?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????

** ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 30%-200% ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????: ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? PPAP? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ** ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???: ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? PPAP? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? "??? ????? ?????? ???????" ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? CIF ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? 5 ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????: - **??????? ??? 1: ????? ?????? ???????**. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? "?" ??? 280,000 ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? "?" ??? 180,000 ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? "?" ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????) ?? ??? ????? ??????. - ** ???? ??? 2: ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????**. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? (??? ???? ?????? AlSi10MnMg ?? Silafont-36)? ????? ?????? ??? ???? 2-5 ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??. - **?????? 3: ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????**. ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? T1-T3 ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 5000 ?15000 ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. - **??????? 4: ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????** ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?100 ???? ?10,000 ???? ??????? 3 ????. - **???? 5: ??? ????? ??????**. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? 1 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????????

**????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (MOQ) ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (MOQ) ?????? 40%-60%? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? 15%-25%.** ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? "?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????". ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????: #1T1T1T1T1T1T1T1T1T1T1T5T5T1T5T1T5T1T5T1T5T1T5T2T1T1T5T2T2T5T2T2T2T3T2T3T3T3T3T3T3T4- ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 12 ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 400000 ???? ???? ??? 1.8 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? 11 ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? 8000 ??? 2000 ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? 8,000 ?????? ??? 2,000 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 2025-2030. #P5T### ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 2.5 ?4 ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1 ???? ?3 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? 50,000 ??? 100,000 ???? ???? - ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????. #P5T## ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 30,000 ????? ??? 80,000 ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? 500-1,500 ???? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? (?????? ??????????) ?? ??????. #P5T## ?????? ??????? ??????? ADC12? A380? AlSi9Cu3 ?? "??????? ???????? ???????" ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? AlSi7Mg0.3-T6 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. #P5T## ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ± 0.05 ?? ??? ± 0.15 ?? (?????? ??? ?????????) ?????? ????? ?? Ra1.6 ??? Ra3.2? ????? ??????? ?? 85% ??? 97% - ???? 12% ???? ??? ????? 12% ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????

**??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? "???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????"? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??: ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????. ** ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 10 ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????: 1. ** ???? ?????? ????? ?????? + ??? ?????? ??????? **: ?? ??? ??? "?????? ?????? ?? 500 ????"? ????? "?????? ?????? ?? 500 ????? ?????? ?????? 1500 ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? 8000 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????". ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? "?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????"? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. 2. **????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????**: ???? 3-5 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? 8 ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? 300 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. 3. ** ????? ?????? + ???? ???? ????? **: ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? 30% + ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? 60 ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 60 ????? ????? ???????? ??? 10%-15%. 4. ** ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? **: ???? ?????? "?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????"? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????. 5. **?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????**: ???? ??????? "??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? T1"? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? "???? ???"? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 2025? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? - ??? ????? ???? ????????.

???? ??????: ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? 5000 ??? 800

** ?? ??? 2024? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? 5000 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1200 ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? + ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? 800 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? 81 ???????? 3 ????????.** ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ???????: - **?????? ??????**: ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? 4 ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? (????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????)? ????? ?????? 3 ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 320,000 ??? 210,000 ???? ????. - **?????? ???????**: ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? 2.0-5.5 ?? ??? ??????? ??? 3.0-3.8 ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? 60,000 ??? 110,000 ????. - **?????? ???????**: ?????? ????? "??? ?????? ??? ?????"? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 140,000? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. - **?????? 4**: ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? 6000 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. - **?????? 5**: ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ????????: ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? 800 ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? PPAP ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? 4800 ???? ??? 18 ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????.

??????? ???????

?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? 100 ?????

???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? 10-50 ???? ?????? 3-5 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? 100 ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????.

?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????

?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? "???? ?????" ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 1-10 ???? ?????? ???? ?? 5-20 ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????

??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 5,000 ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 2,000 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? "501 ???????? 3 ???????? ?????? + 501 ???????? 3 ???????? ????? ??? ????" ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????.

?? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????

???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 100 ???? ?????? ???? 20%-40% ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? 2000 ????.

???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????

????? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? "????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????"? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? 301 ???????? ?601 ???????? ?601 ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? "???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????" ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????.

??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????

???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 3 ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ??? ?? "????" ??? "???? ??????"

??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (???) ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? - ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (MOQ). ???? ???? Ningbo Hersin ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? 2010. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? - ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (MOQ) ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????.