???? ?????? AIAG ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 30% ?40% ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? 50% ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? PPAP ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? CMM ?????? MSA ?Cpk — —????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????.

?? ?? PPAP ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????

PPAP (????? ?????? ??? ??????? Production Part Approval Process) ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? AIAG (?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????) ?? ???? AIAG PPAP? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????.??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? PPAP ???? "????? ????" ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.

????? ????? PPAP ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????. ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????— —??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (Cpk≥1.67) ??????? ?? ???? AIAG PPAP ?????? ????? ??????? (Dimensional Results) ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? PPAP ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? DFMEA ???? ????? ?? ????? "????? ??????" ?"??????" ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? SOP ???? 6 ??????.

????? ?????? ???? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 47 ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? 32% ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? MSA (???? 41% ?? ?????? ??? ????????)? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? PSW? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? IATF 16949? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? PPAP "????? ???? ?????" ????? ?? "????? ???".

??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 18 ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????.

??????? ????? PPAP ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????

????? ??????:???? AIAG ????? PPAP ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? 1 ??? ??????? 5? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????) ??????? 3 ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? 2? ????? ??????? ??????? 1 ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? 4 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? 5 ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.

??????? ??????	???? ???????	????? ??? ????????? ??? ????	???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????
??????? 1	????? ??? ?????? (PSW) ???	????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????	?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? 3 ????? ?? ???? ???????
??????? 2	???? + ???? + ?????? ??????	???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????	??????? ????????? ????? ???????/???????
??????? 3	???? + ???? + ???? ?????? ???18	????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????	??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? IATF 16949
??????? 4	????? ??????? ??????? ???????	????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????	??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? PPAP
??????? 5	?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????	??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????	?????? ????? ??? ?????? (SGS/BV) ????? ?? ??????

????? ??? ?? ??? 2023 ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? PPAP ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? 2? ????? ??????? ????? PFMEA ??????? MSA GR&R ?????? — ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ASIL-B ????? ?????? ISO 26262? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? 3 ????? ????????. ?????? ?????????6 ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (SOP). ?????? ??????? ??:???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? "Safety" ?? "▽" ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? 3.

??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? 3 ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? 401 ???? ?????? ???????? 2? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? AIAG? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? PPAP ????? ?? AIAG.

????? ?? 18 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? (PPAP)

????? ??????:????? ????? PPAP ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? 18 ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? AIAG ??? 6 ???? ?????? — ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? PSW. ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (PFMEA)? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????/??????? ????? ???? ?????? (MSA)? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? (SPC)? ????? ????? ??????? (AAR)? ????? ??????? (PSW)??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????.

????? ??????? ??? 18 ??? 6 ???? ??????

?????	??? ?????? ?????	??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????
????? ???????	1. ????? ??????? 2. ????? ????????? ???????? 3. ?????? ?????? ??? ???????	?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????
????? ???????	4. ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? (DFMEA) 5. ???? ??? ??????? 6. ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? (PFMEA) 7. ??? ??????	????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????
?????? ?????????	8. MSA 9. ????? ?????? 10. ?????? ??????/?????? 11. ????? ???????? ??????? (SPC)	????? ???? ??????? ??????? (CMM)? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? Cpk ≥ 1.67
??? ????????	12. ????? ??????? ??????? 13. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? (AAR) 14. ??? ?????? 15. ?????? ????????	????? ????? ?? CNAS/A2LA? ?????? ??? ????????? Ra ?????? ??????
?????? ???????	16. ????? ?????? ????? 17. ??????? ??????? ??????	????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? IMDS? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? CQI-9
????????	18. PSW (??? ????? ??????)	????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????

??? ?? ??? 2023 ??????? ???? ??????? 3 ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? 67% — ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? RPN ?? PFMEA ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ISO 4986 ?? ????? AAR. ???????? 14 ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? PPAP ??????? ??????? ?? AIAG ?????? ??????? IATF 16949.

????? ????? ?????? PPAP ?????? ??????? ????

???????? ????????: ???? ???????? ??????? ??? PPAP ????? ???? ???? ?PPAP ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???: ????? ?????? ???? ?????? (??????)? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? (?????? ???????/UT/MT/PT)? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??"?????? ????????" ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????.

???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? MAGMASOFT ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? Niyama ?? ??? ??????? ?? 0.4? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? T1 ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? 4 ????? ?????? ASTM E155 ?? ??? ?????? ?????? — ???? "??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????" ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

??? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 3 ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????) ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????: ASTM/EN/GB? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? (???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????). ??? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ASTM E112 ????? ????? ?????? ????? (≥85% ?? ????? 1-2)? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? 500× ??????.

???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??: ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? JPG ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? DICONDE? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? (????? PLC)? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? Excel — ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? IATF 16949.

????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????

????? ??????:??? ????? ????? ???????? (Dimensional Results? ???? PPAP #7) ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (Initial Process Study? ???? #9) ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? PPAP ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????: ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? 100%? ? Ppk ≥ 1.67 ??????? ??????? (CC) ???????? ?????? (SC)? ???? ?????? ≥ 30 ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? — ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????.

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ???????? AIAG? ??? ?? ???? ???? CC (??????? ??????) ?SC (??????? ??????) ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?FMEA ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? PPAP ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 7 ???? SC ??? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 4 ???? ?? ????? ??????? — ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? 3.

• ??????? ?? GD&T: ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (Datum A|B|C) ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? (CMM)? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? "?????? ???? ?????"
• Ppk ????? Cpk: ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? PPAPPpk(?????? ??? ????? ??????)? ???? Cpk. ??? ?? ???? ??? Ppk ?SC ?????? CC ≥ 1.67 ?≥ 1.33 ??? ??????? (??????? ??? ??????? ?????? AIAG PPAP)
• ??? ?????? ???????? (MSA Gage R&R): ??? ???? ???? R&R% ?????? ??????? ???? ?? 30%? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? 10% ?30%? ??????? ?????? ?????

?????? ??? ?????? ???????: ?? ??? ???????? "??????" ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? 30 ???? ??? ?? 1/20 ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ±0.01 ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? Excel. ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? .prg ?????? ????? ???? ??????? (CMM) ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? PDF.

???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? PPAP ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????

????? ??????:??? ??? ????? PPAP ?? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???: ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? (GB ????? ASTM/ISO)? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? MSA/SPC ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???? ?? 47 ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? 23% ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? 2.8 ???? ?? ????????? ?????????.

????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????

???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? GB/T 1348 (?????? ????? ??????) ?? GB/T 9439 (?????? ????? ???????)? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ASTM A536 ?? EN-GJS-500-7. ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? (???? ??? ??? Y ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????) — ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? GB (σb=520 ???? ??????)? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ASTM ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? 468 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? PPAP ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (OEM).

???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (MSA)

• ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? 601 ??? ???? ?300 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????
• ????? MSA ??? "????? ????? ?????": ?? ????? Gage R&R ???? ????? ?????? 10 ??? × 3 ?????? × ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????
• "???? ???" ?? ???? ?????": ?? ?????? ??? CMM ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? FAI.

?? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? PPAP ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? "???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ASTM? ??? ?????? GB ??????? ????? ???".

??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? PPAP ??????? ????????

????? ??????:??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? PPAP ??????? ??? ?????? "???????? ?? ????????? ???????" — ???????? ??????? ??????? (???????? ????????) → ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? (SIT) → ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? → ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (SQE) ?? ?????? ???? ??????? — ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? 36 ????? ??????? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? 47 ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? 41% ??? 78%? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 19 ?????.

????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????

??????? ??????	?????? ????????	?????? ???? (? ?? ?????)	???????
L1 ???????? ??????? ???????	18: ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????	2-3 ????	25%
L2: ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????	???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? (CMM)	??? ???	20%
L3: ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????	????? SGS/BV ????? ????? AIAG PPAP	?????	30%
L4: ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? + ??? ???????	??? ?????? 5 ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????	??? ????	25%

????? ???????:??? ???????? ???????? ??? PSW ??? ??? ??????? ????? 85 ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? 70 ?84 ????? ????? ???????? ?????? (Interim Approval? ???? 3 ???? ??? ????)? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? 70 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? "??? ?????" ????? ??? L1+L3 ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? Cpk ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? "?????? ????????" ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? — ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? SPC. ???? ?? ???? ????? L4 ??? ??? ?? ???????.

????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????

• ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 3 ????? ?????? (Master Sample) ?? ?? ???? PPAP? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? PPAP ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? IATF 16949
• ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???: ??? ??????? ??? ???? PPAP? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? — ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????
• ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????

?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? PPAP

???????? ????????: ?????? PPAP ?? "??? ?????" ??? "???? ??????"? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? — ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? PPAP? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? APQP? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? 12 ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? PPAP ????? ??????? ?? 43% ??? 89%? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? PPW (Part Submission Warrant) ?? 42 ????? ??? 16 ?????.

??????? ????????: ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????

???? ?????? ?????? 23 ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? PPAP: ??????? A (???? ??? ??? ????? IATF 16949 ????? ?????? ?? PPAP ?? ????? ?????? ≥85%) ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? 2? ??? ??????? B ????? ???????? ??????? 3 ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? (SQE)? ??????? C: ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????.

??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? APQP

• ???? ????? PPAP ?????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? AIAG PPAP ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? Cpk ?MSA GRR ?????? ???? ????? FMEA.
• ????? ?????? ???? ?? 18 ??????: ????? ????? Excel ???? (???? ?????? ????? ?????)? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? — ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? 30%.
• ?????? ?????? ?? ????? APQP: ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? (DFMEA) ?????? ??????? ????????? (PFMEA) ???? ?????? (Control Plan) ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? 20% ?40% ?? ????? ??????.

??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????

?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? (SQE) ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (SC/CC) ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? (SPC).

?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? PPAP ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? "????? ???" ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? — ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? PPAP? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????.